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蝸輪蝸桿減速機常見問題分析及改進
蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)常見問題分析及改進。蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)經(jing)(jing)過使用幾個月后(hou)發生故(gu)障，經(jing)(jing)開箱檢查發現(xian)(xian)(xian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒損(sun)壞嚴重，箱內(nei)油(you)池內(nei)含有大量銅屑，其(qi)余零件(jian)完好。蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)發生損(sun)壞主要(yao)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒面膠合磨(mo)損(sun)，對材質進行檢驗(yan)并沒(mei)有發現(xian)(xian)(xian)問題，初步判(pan)斷應該為(wei)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒面強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)不足。RV減(jian)速(su)機(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)是細長(chang)桿(gan)(gan)，由優(you)質碳素(su)鋼(gang)或合金鋼(gang)制造成(cheng)的高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)元件(jian)，除剛度(du)(du)需要(yao)校核(he)計(ji)算(suan)外，齒面強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)和抗彎強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)遠高(gao)于(yu)RV減(jian)速(su)機(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒面，所以(yi)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)設計(ji)校核(he)計(ji)算(suan)僅對蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，不考(kao)慮蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan), 況(kuang)且實際(ji)使用中也(ye)沒(mei)有發現(xian)(xian)(xian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)損(sun)壞，又因蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的抗彎強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)遠高(gao)于(yu)其(qi)齒面強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)，故(gu)圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動的強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)設計(ji)、校核(he)計(ji)算(suan)是指(zhi)RV減(jian)速(su)機(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒面強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)。
RV減速機，NMRV減速機,渦輪渦桿減速機，WP蝸輪蝸桿減速機，FC蝸輪蝸桿減速機
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RV減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)輪齒(chi)面的(de)主要失效形式是膠(jiao)合磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)，蝸(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)器齒(chi)面磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)與(yu)承受(shou)的(de)接觸(chu)應力大小有關(guan)，再(zai)注入影響膠(jiao)合磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)的(de)各種修正系(xi)數(shu)，就可以給出齒(chi)面強(qiang)度計算。本篇文(wen)章分析了蝸(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)頻繁(fan)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)的(de)現象，通過具體的(de)理(li)論計算和強(qiang)度校核終(zhong)確定了損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)原因，并(bing)提出了新的(de)設計方案，進行了重(zhong)新設計。
改(gai)進措施：RV減速(su)機蝸(gua)(gua)輪(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)類型(xing)由阿基米德圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)副更改(gai)為(wei)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)二次包絡環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)副。分度(du)曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)圓(yuan)環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)統稱環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)，環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)與(yu)相(xiang)配蝸(gua)(gua)輪(lun)組成環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)副稱為(wei)環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)通常用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)線(xian)或曲線(xian)刃廓的(de)車刀采用(yong)(yong)軌跡法刨成，亦可(ke)用(yong)(yong)產(chan)形(xing)(xing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)（或曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)）采用(yong)(yong)展成法刨成。與(yu)圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)相(xiang)比，蝸(gua)(gua)輪(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)減速(su)機面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)具(ju)有(you)如下(xia)優(you)點：由于(yu)減速(su)箱(xiang)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)包圍蝸(gua)(gua)輪(lun)，同時(shi)參與(yu)工作的(de)RV減速(su)機蝸(gua)(gua)輪(lun)齒數多，有(you)較大的(de)重(zhong)合度(du)；在蝸(gua)(gua)輪(lun)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)嚙(nie)合區內(nei)，嚙(nie)合點處的(de)角在65度(du)-85度(du)之間變(bian)化，這是環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)優(you)于(yu)圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)重(zhong)要的(de)標(biao)志之，故環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)接觸線(xian)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)極有(you)利于(yu)共(gong)軛齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)間動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓油膜的(de)形(xing)(xing)成，具(ju)有(you)潤滑(hua)狀(zhuang)態好、磨損小、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)高的(de)特點。
環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)共(gong)軛(e)齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)間具有(you)(you)二次(ci)嚙合和雙接觸線的(de)(de)嚙合特(te)性，明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)增大了(le)小接觸線長度(du)(du)，這是優于(yu)(yu)圓柱(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)又重要(yao)(yao)標志。另外蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)減速機(ji)環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)誘導曲率(lv)半徑較大，故共(gong)軛(e)齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)間接觸應力(li)(li)(li)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)減小。綜合所(suo)述，環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)具有(you)(you)承載(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)大、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)效率(lv)高、工(gong)作平(ping)穩、振動(dong)(dong)小、噪音低，結構緊湊的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。但環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)較復雜，安裝精度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)求高，需要(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)用設(she)備，滾刀制造困難，成(cheng)本高。環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)所(suo)用材料、熱處理(li)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)與圓柱(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)基本相(xiang)同，以環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)咽喉平(ping)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)，在環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)斜齒(chi)輪減速機(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)中間平(ping)面(mian)(mian)內，其受力(li)(li)(li)分析與圓柱(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)完(wan)全相(xiang)同，環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)種類(lei)繁多(duo)，不(bu)同的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)不(bu)同的(de)(de)承載(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，實踐證明(ming)(ming)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)二次(ci)包絡(luo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)承載(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)高于(yu)(yu)直廓環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)強(qiang)度(du)(du)高于(yu)(yu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪強(qiang)度(du)(du)，蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪的(de)(de)辦齒(chi)抗彎(wan)強(qiang)度(du)(du)高于(yu)(yu)齒(chi)輪的(de)(de)齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)強(qiang)度(du)(du)，對于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)到目前為(wei)止還沒有(you)(you)完(wan)整(zheng)可靠的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)方法，現多(duo)用圖表(biao)法或借助外的(de)(de)功率(lv)表(biao)進行強(qiang)校核計(ji)算(suan)(suan)和選用，根據實際(ji)設(she)計(ji)選用的(de)(de)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)參數
蝸(gua)輪蝸(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機常見問題分析及改進，RV減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機，NMRV減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機,渦輪渦桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機，WP蝸(gua)輪蝸(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機，FC蝸(gua)輪蝸(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機。
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