減速機是(shi)一種相對精密的(de)機械，使用(yong)它(ta)的(de)目的(de)是(shi)降(jiang)低轉速，增(zeng)加(jia)轉矩(ju)。它(ta)的(de)種類(lei)繁多，型號各異(yi)，不(bu)同(tong)種類(lei)有不(bu)同(tong)的(de)用(yong)途(tu)。
減(jian)速器的(de)種類繁多，按(an)照傳動類型(xing)可分為齒輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)、蝸桿減(jian)速(su)器(qi)和行星齒輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)；
按(an)照傳動(dong)級數不(bu)同可分為單級和多級減速(su)器；
按照齒輪形狀可分為圓(yuan)(yuan)柱齒輪減(jian)速器、圓(yuan)(yuan)錐齒輪減(jian)速器和圓(yuan)(yuan)錐－圓(yuan)(yuan)柱齒輪減(jian)速器；
按照傳動的(de)布置形式又可分為展開式、分流式和同軸式減(jian)速器。
蝸輪(lun)蝸桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要特(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)具有反(fan)向自鎖功能(neng)，可以(yi)有較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)比，輸入軸(zhou)和輸出(chu)軸(zhou)不在(zai)同(tong)一軸(zhou)線上，也不在(zai)同(tong)一平面上。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)一般體(ti)(ti)積較大(da)，傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效(xiao)率不高(gao)，精度(du)不高(gao)。諧(xie)波減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)波傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)柔性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元件可控的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)形來傳(chuan)遞(di)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力的(de)(de)(de)，體(ti)(ti)積不大(da)、精度(du)很(hen)高(gao)，但(dan)缺點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)柔輪(lun)壽命有限、不耐沖擊，剛性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與金(jin)屬件相(xiang)比較差(cha)。輸入轉速(su)(su)不能(neng)太高(gao)。行星減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)其優(you)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)結構比較緊湊(cou)，回(hui)程間(jian)隙小、精度(du)較高(gao)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命很(hen)長，額定輸出(chu)扭(niu)矩(ju)可以(yi)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)很(hen)大(da)。但(dan)價格略貴。齒輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)具有體(ti)(ti)積小，傳(chuan)遞(di)扭(niu)矩(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)。齒輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)模塊組合(he)體(ti)(ti)系基(ji)礎上設(she)計(ji)制造，有極多的(de)(de)(de)電機(ji)(ji)組合(he)、安裝(zhuang)形式和結構方案(an)，傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比分級細密，滿(man)足不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)工況，實現機(ji)(ji)電一體(ti)(ti)化。齒輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效(xiao)率高(gao)，耗能(neng)低，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)優(you)越(yue)。擺線針(zhen)輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)一種采用(yong)(yong)擺線針(zhen)齒嚙合(he)行星傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)原理(li)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)型，是(shi)(shi)一種理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，具有許(xu)多優(you)點(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)途廣泛，并可正反(fan)運轉。